Digital polygon dataset of Snow cover area of Central Karakoram National Park (CKNP) area, Pakistan. This dataset is created using topographic sheet maps at scale of 20000 and verified using satellite image.

The data contains improved daily MODIS Terra/Aqua combined snow-cover merged with Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI6.0) product. This product is generated using MODIS Terra and Aqua daily snow cover products MOD10A1 and MYD10A1 collection 6 (C6), respectively. The data covers High Mountain Asia (HMA) covering latitude 24.32− 49.19 N and Longitude 58.22 - 122.48 E with temporal coverage between 2002 and 2019. The data has daily temporal resolution and 500 m spatial resolution. The product is named as M*D10A1GL06 derived from MODIS Terra (MOD) MODIS Aqua (MYD), original product number (10A1) and Glacier (GL), Version 6 (06). The product is described in ordinal date available in GeoTIFF file format as described in the associated Dataset README. For more details about the data, please read the paper associated with this data titled "An improved Terra-Aqua MODIS daily cloud-free snow and Randolph Glacier Inventory 6.0 combined product (M*D10A1GL06) for high-mountain Asia between 2002 and 2019" in Earth System Science Data Journal.

Digital polygon data of Glaciers of Central Karakoram National Park(CKNP) area, Pakistan. This dataset is created using topographic sheet maps at scale of 20000.

The data contains an enhanced MODIS 8-day Terra (MOD10A2) and Aqua (MYD10A2) collection 6 snow-cover composite product merged with Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI6.0). The data is specifically developed for the High Mountain Asia (HMA) with the geographic coverage between latitude 24.32 − 49.19 N and Longitude 58.22 − 122.48 E. The data is available with eight-day temporal resolution and 500 m spatial resolution covering the period between 2002 and 2018. The name of the product is derived from MODIS Terra (MOD) MODIS Aqua (MYD), and Glacier (GL), Version 6 (06) as MOYDGL06*. The product is described in Julian day and each year has 46 eight-day composite images in GeoTIFF file format as described in the associated readme.TXT. The data can be accessed alternatively from https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.901821. The R code developed for this product is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3610735. For more details about the data, please read the paper associated with this data titled lease read the paper associated with this data titled "An improved Terra/Aqua MODIS snow-cover and RGI6.0 glacier combined product (MOYDGL06*) for the High Mountain Asia between 2002 and 2018" published in Earth System Science Data Journal.

The dataset shows areas identified as rock glaciers by two different persons (rock glacier mapping layer M1 and M2). It is obtained by intersecting M1 and M2 layer of rock glacier mapping.

The dataset shows a layer of rock glaciers mapped comprehensively by a first person, using the polygon tool in Google Earth. Therefore, 4000 randomly distributed sample polygons have been created over the Hindu Kush Himalayan region, and each sample polygon has been examined for rock glaciers by two different individuals to increase confidence in the mapping.

The dataset shows a layer of rock glaciers mapped comprehensively by a second person, using the polygon tool in Google Earth. Therefore, 4000 randomly distributed sample polygons have been created over the Hindu Kush Himalayan region, and each sample polygon has been examined for rock glaciers by two different individuals to increase confidence in the mapping.

Digital polygon dataset of Glacier exposed rocks of Central Karakoram National Park (CKNP) area, Pakistan. This dataset is created using topographic sheet maps at scale of 20000.

Digital polygon data of Glaciers of Bhutan in 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2010. This dataset is created using Landsat MSS, TM and ETM+ imageries of respective years. The glacier outlines was derived semi-automatically using object-based image classification (OBIC ) method separately for clean ice and debris cover and further editing and validation was done carefully by draping over the high resolution images from Google Earth.

Glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) have been intensely investigated in High Mountain Asia (HMA) in recent years and are the most well-known hazard associated with the cryosphere. As glaciers recede and surrounding slopes become increasingly unstable, such events are expected to increase, although current evidence for an increase in events is ambiguous. Many studies have investigated individual events and while several regional inventories exist, they either do not cover all types of GLOF or are geographically constrained. Further, downstream impacts are rarely discussed. Previous inventories have relied on academic sources and have not been combined with existing inventories of glaciers and lakes. In this study, we present the first comprehensive inventory of GLOFs in HMA, including details on the time of their occurrence, processes of lake formation and drainage involved as well as downstream impacts. We document 697 individual GLOFs that occurred between 1833 and 2022. Of these, 23% were recurring events from just three ephemeral ice-dammed lakes. In combination, the documented events resulted in 6906 fatalities of which 906 fatalities were from 24 events, which is three times higher than a previous assessment for the region. The integration of previous inventories of glaciers and lakes within this database will inform future assessments of potential drivers of GLOFs, allowing more robust projections to be developed. The database and future, updated versions, are traceable, version controlled and can be directly incorporated into further analysis.