<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<gmd:MD_Metadata xmlns:gmd="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd"
                 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                 xmlns:gco="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco"
                 xmlns:srv="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/srv"
                 xmlns:gmx="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmx"
                 xmlns:gts="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gts"
                 xmlns:gsr="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gsr"
                 xmlns:gmi="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmi"
                 xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"
                 xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
                 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd/gmd.xsd http://www.isotc211.org/2005/srv http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/20060504/srv/srv.xsd">
  <gmd:fileIdentifier>
      <gco:CharacterString>a2aa0488-b200-483f-8d4a-147f843cfa87</gco:CharacterString>
  </gmd:fileIdentifier>
  <gmd:language xmlns:geonet="http://www.fao.org/geonetwork">
      <gco:CharacterString>eng</gco:CharacterString>
  </gmd:language>
  <gmd:characterSet xmlns:geonet="http://www.fao.org/geonetwork">
      <gmd:MD_CharacterSetCode codeListValue="utf8"
                               codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_CharacterSetCode"/>
  </gmd:characterSet>
  <gmd:hierarchyLevel xmlns:geonet="http://www.fao.org/geonetwork">
      <gmd:MD_ScopeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode"
                        codeListValue="dataset"/>
  </gmd:hierarchyLevel>
  <gmd:contact xmlns:geonet="http://www.fao.org/geonetwork">
      <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
         <gmd:individualName>
            <gco:CharacterString>Mr. Kabir Uddin</gco:CharacterString>
         </gmd:individualName>
         <gmd:organisationName>
            <gco:CharacterString>ICIMOD</gco:CharacterString>
         </gmd:organisationName>
         <gmd:positionName>
            <gco:CharacterString>GIS and Remote Sensing Specialist</gco:CharacterString>
         </gmd:positionName>
         <gmd:contactInfo>
            <gmd:CI_Contact>
               <gmd:address>
                  <gmd:CI_Address>
                     <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                        <gco:CharacterString>kabir.uddin@icimod.org</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                  </gmd:CI_Address>
               </gmd:address>
            </gmd:CI_Contact>
         </gmd:contactInfo>
         <gmd:role>
            <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeListValue="author"
                             codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode"/>
         </gmd:role>
      </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
  </gmd:contact>
  <gmd:dateStamp xmlns:geonet="http://www.fao.org/geonetwork">
      <gco:DateTime>2026-02-04T09:10:36</gco:DateTime>
  </gmd:dateStamp>
  <gmd:metadataStandardName xmlns:geonet="http://www.fao.org/geonetwork">
      <gco:CharacterString>North American Profile of ISO 19115:2003</gco:CharacterString>
  </gmd:metadataStandardName>
  <gmd:spatialRepresentationInfo xmlns:geonet="http://www.fao.org/geonetwork"/>
  <gmd:referenceSystemInfo xmlns:geonet="http://www.fao.org/geonetwork">
      <gmd:MD_ReferenceSystem>
         <gmd:referenceSystemIdentifier>
            <gmd:RS_Identifier>
               <gmd:code>
                  <gco:CharacterString>WGS 1984 / UTM Zone 42N</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:code>
            </gmd:RS_Identifier>
         </gmd:referenceSystemIdentifier>
      </gmd:MD_ReferenceSystem>
  </gmd:referenceSystemInfo>
  <gmd:identificationInfo xmlns:geonet="http://www.fao.org/geonetwork">
      <gmd:MD_DataIdentification>
         <gmd:citation>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
               <gmd:title>
                  <gco:CharacterString>Land cover of Afghanistan</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:title>
               <gmd:date>
                  <gmd:CI_Date>
                     <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>2021-07-10</gco:Date>
                     </gmd:date>
                     <gmd:dateType>
                        <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode"
                                             codeListValue="publication"/>
                     </gmd:dateType>
                  </gmd:CI_Date>
               </gmd:date>
               <gmd:otherCitationDetails>
                  <gco:CharacterString>ICIMOD. (2022). Land cover of Afghanistan [Data set]. ICIMOD. https://doi.org/10.26066/RDS.1973187</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:otherCitationDetails>
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
         </gmd:citation>
         <gmd:abstract>
            <gco:CharacterString>The annual land cover data of Afghanistan (2000-2018) have been created through the National Land Cover Monitoring System (NLCMS) for Afghanistan. The system uses freely available remote-sensing data (Landsat) and a cloud-based machine learning architecture in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to generate land cover maps on an annual basis using a harmonized and consistent classification system. 

The NLCMS is developed by International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) together with Afghanistan’s Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL) and National Statistic and Information Authority (NSIA). The NLCMS system is customized from the Regional Land Cover Monitoring System (RLCMS) which is a collaborative effort between SERVIR-HKH at ICIMOD and SERVIR-Mekong at the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC), with co-development partners - the United States Forest Services (USFS), SilvaCarbon, and Global Land Analysis and Discovery (GLAD) group at the University of Maryland.</gco:CharacterString>
         </gmd:abstract>
         <gmd:purpose>
            <gco:CharacterString>The annual land cover data of Afghanistan (2000–2018) developed using a harmonized and consistent classification system will support assessment and monitoring of land cover change in the country and will serve as key dataset in various thematic applications.</gco:CharacterString>
         </gmd:purpose>
         <gmd:status>
            <gmd:MD_ProgressCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ProgressCode"
                                 codeListValue="completed"/>
         </gmd:status>
         <gmd:resourceMaintenance>
            <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
               <gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
                  <gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode"
                                                   codeListValue="continual"/>
               </gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
               <gmd:dateOfNextUpdate>
                  <gco:Date/>
               </gmd:dateOfNextUpdate>
            </gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
         </gmd:resourceMaintenance>
         <gmd:graphicOverview>
            <gmd:MD_BrowseGraphic>
               <gmd:fileName>
                  <gco:CharacterString>http://rds.icimod.org:8080/geonetwork/srv/api/records/a2aa0488-b200-483f-8d4a-147f843cfa87/attachments/af_landcover.jpg</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:fileName>
            </gmd:MD_BrowseGraphic>
         </gmd:graphicOverview>
         <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
            <gmd:MD_Keywords>
               <gmd:keyword>
                  <gco:CharacterString>Land cover</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:keyword>
               <gmd:keyword>
                  <gco:CharacterString>Land use</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:keyword>
               <gmd:keyword>
                  <gco:CharacterString>GIS</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:keyword>
               <gmd:keyword>
                  <gco:CharacterString>spatial data</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:keyword>
               <gmd:keyword>
                  <gco:CharacterString>Landsat</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:keyword>
               <gmd:keyword>
                  <gco:CharacterString>GEE</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:keyword>
               <gmd:keyword>
                  <gco:CharacterString>Google Earth Engine</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:keyword>
               <gmd:keyword>
                  <gco:CharacterString>Earth Observation</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:keyword>
               <gmd:type>
                  <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode"
                                          codeListValue="theme"/>
               </gmd:type>
               <gmd:thesaurusName>
                  <gmd:CI_Citation>
                     <gmd:title gco:nilReason="missing">
                        <gco:CharacterString/>
                     </gmd:title>
                     <gmd:date>
                        <gmd:CI_Date>
                           <gmd:date>
                              <gco:Date/>
                           </gmd:date>
                           <gmd:dateType>
                              <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode"
                                                   codeListValue="publication"/>
                           </gmd:dateType>
                        </gmd:CI_Date>
                     </gmd:date>
                  </gmd:CI_Citation>
               </gmd:thesaurusName>
            </gmd:MD_Keywords>
         </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
         <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
            <gmd:MD_Keywords>
               <gmd:keyword>
                  <gco:CharacterString>SERVIR-HKH</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:keyword>
               <gmd:keyword>
                  <gco:CharacterString>ICIMOD</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:keyword>
               <gmd:keyword>
                  <gco:CharacterString>Afghanistan</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:keyword>
               <gmd:type>
                  <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode"
                                          codeListValue="place"/>
               </gmd:type>
            </gmd:MD_Keywords>
         </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
         <gmd:resourceConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_Constraints/>
         </gmd:resourceConstraints>
         <gmd:resourceConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
               <gmd:useLimitation>
                  <gco:CharacterString>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:useLimitation>
               <gmd:accessConstraints>
                  <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode"
                                          codeListValue="copyright"/>
               </gmd:accessConstraints>
               <gmd:useConstraints>
                  <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode"
                                          codeListValue="copyright"/>
               </gmd:useConstraints>
            </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
         </gmd:resourceConstraints>
         <gmd:spatialRepresentationType>
            <gmd:MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode"
                                                  codeListValue="grid"/>
         </gmd:spatialRepresentationType>
         <gmd:spatialResolution>
            <gmd:MD_Resolution>
               <gmd:equivalentScale>
                  <gmd:MD_RepresentativeFraction>
                     <gmd:denominator>
                        <gco:Integer>50000</gco:Integer>
                     </gmd:denominator>
                  </gmd:MD_RepresentativeFraction>
               </gmd:equivalentScale>
            </gmd:MD_Resolution>
         </gmd:spatialResolution>
         <gmd:language>
            <gco:CharacterString>eng</gco:CharacterString>
         </gmd:language>
         <gmd:characterSet>
            <gmd:MD_CharacterSetCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_CharacterSetCode"
                                     codeListValue="utf8"/>
         </gmd:characterSet>
         <gmd:topicCategory>
            <gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>geoscientificInformation</gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>
         </gmd:topicCategory>
         <gmd:extent>
            <gmd:EX_Extent>
               <gmd:geographicElement>
                  <gmd:EX_BoundingPolygon/>
               </gmd:geographicElement>
               <gmd:geographicElement>
                  <gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
                     <gmd:westBoundLongitude>
                        <gco:Decimal>60.5042</gco:Decimal>
                     </gmd:westBoundLongitude>
                     <gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
                        <gco:Decimal>74.9157</gco:Decimal>
                     </gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
                     <gmd:southBoundLatitude>
                        <gco:Decimal>29.4061</gco:Decimal>
                     </gmd:southBoundLatitude>
                     <gmd:northBoundLatitude>
                        <gco:Decimal>38.472</gco:Decimal>
                     </gmd:northBoundLatitude>
                  </gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
               </gmd:geographicElement>
               <gmd:temporalElement>
                  <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                     <gmd:extent>
                        <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="d27032e520a1052958">
                           <gml:begin>
                              <gml:TimeInstant gml:id="d27032e524a1052958">
                                 <gml:timePosition>2000-01-01</gml:timePosition>
                              </gml:TimeInstant>
                           </gml:begin>
                           <gml:end>
                              <gml:TimeInstant gml:id="d27032e532a1052958">
                                 <gml:timePosition>2018-12-31</gml:timePosition>
                              </gml:TimeInstant>
                           </gml:end>
                        </gml:TimePeriod>
                     </gmd:extent>
                  </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
               </gmd:temporalElement>
            </gmd:EX_Extent>
         </gmd:extent>
      </gmd:MD_DataIdentification>
  </gmd:identificationInfo>
  <gmd:distributionInfo xmlns:geonet="http://www.fao.org/geonetwork">
      <gmd:MD_Distribution>
         <gmd:distributor>
            <gmd:MD_Distributor>
               <gmd:distributorContact>
                  <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                     <gmd:organisationName>
                        <gco:CharacterString>ICIMOD</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:organisationName>
                     <gmd:positionName gco:nilReason="missing">
                        <gco:CharacterString/>
                     </gmd:positionName>
                     <gmd:contactInfo>
                        <gmd:CI_Contact>
                           <gmd:phone>
                              <gco:CharacterString prefix="gmd" action="replace" namespace="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd">977-1-5275222</gco:CharacterString>
                           </gmd:phone>
                           <gmd:address>
                              <gmd:CI_Address>
                                 <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                                    <gco:CharacterString>metadata@icimod.org</gco:CharacterString>
                                 </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                              </gmd:CI_Address>
                           </gmd:address>
                        </gmd:CI_Contact>
                     </gmd:contactInfo>
                     <gmd:role>
                        <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode"
                                         codeListValue="distributor"/>
                     </gmd:role>
                  </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
               </gmd:distributorContact>
            </gmd:MD_Distributor>
         </gmd:distributor>
         <gmd:transferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL/>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol gco:nilReason="missing">
                        <gco:CharacterString/>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name gco:nilReason="missing">
                        <gco:CharacterString/>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description gco:nilReason="missing">
                        <gco:CharacterString/>
                     </gmd:description>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
         </gmd:transferOptions>
      </gmd:MD_Distribution>
  </gmd:distributionInfo>
  <gmd:dataQualityInfo xmlns:geonet="http://www.fao.org/geonetwork">
      <gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
         <gmd:scope>
            <gmd:DQ_Scope>
               <gmd:level>
                  <gmd:MD_ScopeCode codeListValue="dataset"
                                    codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode"/>
               </gmd:level>
            </gmd:DQ_Scope>
         </gmd:scope>
         <gmd:lineage>
            <gmd:LI_Lineage>
               <gmd:statement gco:nilReason="missing">
                  <gco:CharacterString/>
               </gmd:statement>
               <gmd:source>
                  <gmd:LI_Source>
                     <gmd:description gco:nilReason="missing">
                        <gco:CharacterString/>
                     </gmd:description>
                  </gmd:LI_Source>
               </gmd:source>
            </gmd:LI_Lineage>
         </gmd:lineage>
      </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
</gmd:MD_Metadata>